シンプルな表現原則
・受動態をできるだけ少なく 能動態が優れる
・Be動詞は少なく
・形容詞と副詞はできるだけ少なく
・否定よりは肯定の表現で 例）did not notice→overlooked
年齢の表記
A 38-year-old man was admitted. ＊ハイフンを使う場合はyearsではない
The patient, aged 70, was diagnosed with-
症例提示
病歴・主訴
基本文 A X-year-old man presented/reffered to ○○(the neurology departmentなど） with a Y-day history of Z.
訴えたのみにする場合 reported a Y-day history of ,,,,
既往歴を埋め込む場合
既往無し例）A previously well/healthy X-year-old man
既往あり例）A X-year-old man with a 10-year history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus,
入院中患者 〇 who was hospitalized for A had B.
突然発症の sudden-onset
受診時 On presentation,
悪化する The pain was worsended by ○○ The pain worsended with
程度 he rated at 10 on a scale of 0 to 10, with 10 representing the worst pain imaginable
ROSでない A denied B.
わからない場合 unclear
既往歴
既往なし His medical history was unremarkable. He had no other medical history and took no medications.
既往これだけ His past medical history was remarkable only for A.
既往あり治療 His past medical history was significant for A, being treated with B. He had a history of A that had been treated with B.
内服歴
He was receiving no medication.
頓服 as needed for A
家族歴 Family history was noncontributory. He had no family history of any similar condition.
喫煙歴 She had never smoked. He had a 30 pack-hear history of smoking.
飲酒歴 機会飲酒 She drank aochol socially. 喫煙なし She was a non-smoker.
渡航歴なし He had no history of recent travel.
vital sign
On presentation, his temperature was ○○℃, heart rate ○○ beats per minute, and blood pressure ○○ mmHg.
He was afebrile with normal vital signs. hemodynamically stable
身体所見
Physical examination revealed a ○○.
Positive findings on physical examination included ○○.
その他特記異常所見なし Findings of the physical examination were otherwise unremarkable. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable.
検査結果
採血
Laboratory tests revealed ○○.
基準値 (reference range, A to B)
正常だったことを述べる A, B were all normal.
その他例）Laboratory studies, including a complete blood cell count, complete metabolic panel yealded normal results.
Autoimmune antibodies screening was negative.
尿検査 Uryanalysis was negative.
後から提出した検査の結果 A subsequent 〇.
除外した ○○, ruling out ○○.
感染症 Blood cultures were sent and later reported as negative.
Microbiological studies were negative for bacteria, fungi, and mycobacteria.
画像＝CT scan, 撮影＝CT scanning 両者の違いを理解する ＊”CT”だけでは通じない
例）The computed tomographic(CT) scan showed –
画像 MR image, 撮像 MR imaging
例）Magnetic resonance image revealed/showed T2 hyperintensity in the○○.
診断
Based on these findings, ○○ was diagnosed.
○○ was diagnosed based on these findings.
A clinical diagnosis of 〇 was made (based on the○○ criteria).
○○ led to a diagnosis of ○○.
On further questioning, -. Further questioning revealed that -. 追加の問診で判明した
The pathological findings were consistent with ○○.
鑑別に挙げ keeping a differential diagnosis of A,
暫定的な診断 presumptive/tentative diagnosis
治療
Treatment with A was initiated/started.
We treated the patient with-.
懸念 the concern about
改善 improve おさまる revolve 取り戻す regain
改善しない ineffective 例）Initial treatments including A were ineffective.
persisted 例）A persisted despite treatment with B.
経過観察 The patient was observed without treatment.
経過フォロー At a B-month follow-up visit, At 3 years of follow-up,
再検 A was repeated on the fifth day, –
その後 Thereafter,
退院 He was discharged to
結果 Resultの表現
それぞれで , respectively.
比較 ○○was significantly lower in A than in B.
増減 The rate of ○○ increased from A to B. ○○ shows a significant reduction in A.
リスクの変化 increase/reduce/decrease the risk of A
関連している/していない be (not) (significantly) associated with an increased/lower/higher risk of, a significant increase/reduction/improvement in-
証拠がなかった there was no (significant) difference between A and B there was no evidence of A
がある extends/extending from A to B
報告がある only a few cases of A has been reported in the literature.
鑑別する上で in differentiating A from B
示した We found that, our fidings/results/study show/have shown/suggest that-, In this/our study,
有害事象関連について
なかった There were no serious adverse events related to the intervention.
あった Serious adverse events occured/were reported in A% of patients given B.
接続語
加えて In addition, Moreover, Furthermore
対照的に In contrast, On the contrary, On the other hand, Instead, Despite A, regardless of A, Contrary to A, Instead of A
特に In particular,
したがって accordinglyは文中で使用する（文頭で使用しない方が良い） therefore 文頭をやたら用いない
しかし（逆説） However, Although, Despite,
例） However, our results indicate that ,,,, 例）Despite these limitations,
実際に In fact,
まとめると In conclusion, In summary, Taken together, Collectively, Overall, In this study,
考察
病態
わからない the etiology/pathogenesis is/remains unknown/unclear
という意見がある be proposed to be X
関与しているかも may be attributed to X
おそらく , presumably because
診断根拠
鑑別 The differencial diagnosis includes
診断根拠 The diagnosis is based on the typical clinical presentation, and examinations reveal no specific abnormalities.
特異的ではない X is not pathognomotic of Y, as they can be found in other conditions such as Z.
除外するために必須 X be mandatory in order to rule out X.
ガイドラインはない At present, there is no corresponding guidelines or consensus on the treatment of
治療方法 There are two main treatment approaches: surgery and conservative therapy
治療の中心は The mainstay of treatment be
過去の研究との検討
新規性の表現 To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate A
過去の報告との比較 Our findings/ These results are consistent with/similar to/relevant to/based on A.
例）These results are consistent with previous studies in ,,,,
過去の報告と違い Unlike/Contrary to previous studies/reports/findings,
限界点(Limitations) Our/This study/analysis/trial has/had (several/some) limitations There are several limitations
かもしれない（可能性） may/might explain/reflect/influence/not be generalizable to/have contributed to/be due to
例）Therse observations may explain the associatio,,,,,
しめの表現
In conclusion, In summary,
There/Our/This findings/results suggest/show/indicate/provide/support that
例）Our findings provide strong evidence for ,,,,,
例）In this study, we have shown that ,,,,
メッセージ
clinicians should pay attention to X
clinicians shoud be aware of this entity to 疑うべき shoud have a high index of suspicion for 心に留めるべき must keep in mind
to avoid unnecessary, potentially hazardous interventions
Xな時はYをすべき When X, Y should be considered.
早期診断治療が重要 Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important because
将来へつなげる Further/Additional research/studies be needed to confirm/determine
例） Further research is needed to dermine whether,,,
避けるべき表現
思う thinkはできるだけ使わない believe suppose
ofをできるだけ使わない ”の”をofにしない 例）a Patient with Parkinson’s disease
動名詞ではなく現在進行形で用いる 例）during monintoring SEP ＊during the monitoring of SEPではなく
日本語の医学用語は「動詞」がない perform doneを多用しない 例）The patient was neurologically examined. Neurological examination revealed A
役立つ表現
on admittion 入院時
among 3つ以上、between 2つ
dose 1回の処方量 dosage 単位時間あたりの量
examine 診察、検査される evaluate 評価する
observe 患者、follow case 例）patient was carefully observed 例）We followed a case
以上 more than
測定する measure
示唆する suggestive of
知られていない However, little is known about –
few/no studies/data have examined/investigated/ are available on/ exist
わからないわからない unclear/controversial/ unknown
例）However, it remains unclear/unknown whether/how
male, female 形容詞として使用する（名詞として使用しない）
四肢はextremity Limbは動物に対して使い、人間はextremityである upper extremity, lower extremity
タイトル
完全文は避ける 体言止めにする 疑問文は不適切
無駄な言葉を入れない A study on,,,
Cover letter
1:投稿したい趣旨
２：論文内容の簡単な説明
３：重複投稿ではないこと
３：author contributionと著者全員が原稿の最終版を承諾していること
５：COIの子会
６：掲載許可書の添付
７：corresponding athorの氏名・連絡先
licatin. we demonstrated that .
The contents of this manuscript have not been copyrighted or published previously, and are not now nder consideration for publication elsewhere. All authors of this research paper have directly participated in the plannning, execution, or analysis of the study. All authors of this paper have read and approved the final version submitted.
We declare the authors have no conflict of interests.
We would be grateful if the manuscript could be reviewed and considered for publication in Journal of XX.
Sincerely,
自分名前
Correspondence to:
Depa
Phone: ,
fax:
email:
参考文献
「クリニカルピクチャー論文のすすめ」 中外医学社 著：鹿野泰寛先生
